If James Joyce’s Ulysses is the demonstration and summation of modernist literature, Alan Moore’s The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: The Black Dossier is the paradigm for post-postmodernism in graphic novels.  Jennifer Egan’s A Visit from the Goon Squad has received critical acclaim for its structure and interconnecting stories.  She has a section consisting of PowerPoint slides, and another that includes text messages, but those techniques pale in comparison to what Moore accomplishes in The Black Dossier.

Volumes 1 and 2 of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen series are critically acclaimed mash-ups of Victorian literature, pulp fiction, steampunk, and Moore’s own twists.  The Black Dossier was to serve as a standalone sourcebook between volume two of the series and a proper volume 3, but it grew into much more.  Moore has stated in various interviews that he and Kevin O’Neill realized early that the series was growing into an attempt to map the entire fictional world and how it relates to fact.  It is a study and commentary on the popular imagination.  But in the structure and complexity of The Black Dossier, I also see the growth and culmination of literary movements throughout history into something new.

Similar to Joyce’s Ulysses, The Black Dossier is very experimental in its structure and construction.  Critics of the book have noted that the narrative plot is very weak.  Mina Harker and Allan Quartermain have recovered The Black Dossier, which contains the secret history of The League.  Emma Night (Peel), Bulldog Drummond, and a young James Bond chase them all over London and Scotland trying to stop them.  In true Moore style, you would have to do a tremendous amount of research to figure out all of the references and allusions, and Moore throws in his twists on characters and events for good measure.  For example, James Bond (Jimmy in the book) is a sadistic womanizer and the events take place in 1958 after the Big Brother government from George Orwell’s Ninteen Eighty Four has fallen.

The narrative is merely a shell for The Black Dossier itself, which Mina and Allan stop to read at various points in the narrative.  The Dossier takes over the story metafictionally (if that’s a word) using faux historical texts, comic strips in various styles, a “lost” Shakespeare folio, prose in the style of H.P Lovecraft and Jack Kerouac, post cards, Big Brother posters in the style of English WWII posters, maps, and more.  Throughout these artifacts are mysterious handwritten notes that point back to the narrative at hand and the previous volumes in the series.  The complexity of it all is overwhelming.

To add to the complexity, the graphic novel contains a 3D section set in “the Blazing World” with glasses.  The cover to the Kerouac section mimics the paperback style of the early Kerouac books when they were published, down to the creases they would have had from being read.  Like Ulysses, you need an annotated version to understand it all.  Some folks have been kind enough to put one together- Black Dossier annotated.

So what separates Moore’s book from A Visit from the Goon Squad, or Ulysses for that matter?  As a medium, the graphic novel has the potential to capture the contemporary human experience far better than the traditional novel.  We are inundated with visuals and images by television, advertising, and internet.  So much could be done with the medium.

I think it goes back to the perceived weakness of The Black Dossier- narrative.  Egan’s book, though experimental in structure and technique, is about characters and narrative.  They are “real” characters with “real” stories.  The themes capture truths about the human experience that run deep.  If Moore could capture that along with the genius he has for pop culture, structure, and technique; we would see a phenomenal new literature.

 

Falling Sideways is the second book from Thomas E. Kennedy’s Copenhagen Quartet to be published in the U.S., following the publication of In the Company of Angels last year (2010). Falling Sideways was originally published as Danish Fall and was the last book of the Quartet.  I’m not sure what the logic is behind publishing the books in the U.S. out of the original order.  From what I can tell, the books stand alone in terms of plot, so you don’t lose anything story wise.  The books follow the course of the seasons in their original order.

Falling Sideways is marketed as a book about office politics, in particular the effects of downsizing, but I think that does the book a huge disservice.  It is true that the shady corporation nicknamed the Tank connects all of the characters in one way or another, but that is only the shell of the book.  Kennedy is more interested in his characters and their relationships with one another.

Martin Kampman, the CEO of the Tank, is an axe-man.  He was brought in several years ago and has now gotten to know the operations and the employees enough to determine how to trim the fat, position yes-men, and improve the Tank’s financial standing.  Kampman is a ruthless and controlling dictator who repeatedly refers to himself as “the man who takes care of things.”  He is a character you love to hate.  He prides himself at waking earlier than everyone else, running miles to work, and always being the last to leave.  He takes mental notes on everyone’s strengths and weaknesses based on his stringent standards.  He is a master of controlling emotions and manipulating people and situations to suit his purposes.  However, Kampman’s son Adam suddenly rebels, which challenges Kampman’s sick need for control and changes the entire family.

Frederick Breathwaite, an American and the protagonist if one must be named, is the international consultant at the Tank.  He loves his wife, his cigars, his expensive whiskey, and his youngest son, Jes.  Breathwaite, who has lost most of his passion for life, is a casualty of Kampman’s political maneuvering.  He will lose his job, but he wants to set up his son with a career before he goes.  Jes, like Adam, can’t relate to anything his father has to offer.  Jes works for an Afghan in a key and heel bar and lives the life of a bohemian.  Breathwaite’s reflections are my favorites in the book.  He describes his son:

He’d dabbled in post-modernism, and he’d dabbled in post-traditionalilsm and in post-colonialism, and he’d dabbled in post-ethnicity and in behavioristic post-ethicism and no doubt in post-postism, too, leading up to pre-sim, retro-ism, which could end only in now-ism, and then on to neo-nowism ad infinitum, until time stops its survey of all the world.  As far as Breathwaite could determine, he was a very bright kid with an understanding of everything and a grasp of nothing.

Harold Jaegar is the third character the book flows around, but he is in a much more minor role.  Jaegar appears to be Kampman’s foil and comic relief.  Kampman promotes Jaegar, not realizing the man is nothing like himself.  Jaegar reflects on the weekly meetings the department heads have at the Tank, in which everyone mumbles:

Here, thought Jaegar, we speak quietly about important things, though unfortunately not distinctly enough to be understood.

Where Kampman must have complete control, Jaegar has no control over his lust for women.  He pines after the head of accounting.  He relieves himself in the rarely used bathroom.  Jaegar realizes his weaknesses and the cost (he has already lost a wealthy wife and his two little girls), but he is helpless to his libido.  The result is hilarious and disastrous.

The relationships all suffer from lack of communication and the inability of ever really and truly knowing another human being; whether it’s fathers and sons, Mrs. Kampman trying to get behind her husband’s mask, or the head of accounting secretly watching her husband pick his nose.  For example, Breathwaite doesn’t tell his wife he is losing his job, and the news is broken to her at a party.  They discuss it:

“…you lied, Fred.  You didn’t tell me.  For how long?”
“It wasn’t a lie, exactly.”
“You can lie by not telling something, too.”
“I wanted to spare you.”
“You wanted to spare yourself.”

The point may be that selfishness- the need for control and respect, the need for love and appreciation, the need for pleasure and satisfaction-  is often what gets in the way of our relationships and communication.

As part of the Copenhagen Quartet, the book is full of beautiful descriptions of the city in autumn.  If you read In the Company of Angels, which takes place in summer, you will recognize many of the same locales through the autumn lens.  Another element of the book I enjoyed was the constant references to literature: V.S. Naipaul, Joyce, Kerouac, Rilke, and the list goes on.  I think all of these were made by Breathwaite and his son, Jes.  Ultimately, of the two books published in the U.S. so far, I enjoyed this one the most.

 


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I was a little startled to learn that Thomas E. Kennedy, who appears to be well respected in literary circles, has not had any books published in the U.S. until In The Company Of Angels.  I had heard his name and his Copenhagen Quartet mentioned in various places, but had never taken the time to search him out.  Luckily I received this review copy.  From what I can tell, In The Company of Angels is the third book of the Copenhagen Quartet and was originally titled Greene’s Summer.

Bernard Greene, a poetry teacher, survived brutal torture in Chile under Pinochet’s regime and is now in Copenhagen receiving treatment at a survivor center. His wife and son are among The Disappeared. He is at first enamored by and then befriends Michela Ibsen who  has survived domestic abuse, a daughter’s suicide, and is currently in an abusive relationship with a man 10 years her junior.  The chapters of the book alternate focusing on these two and the cast of characters that surrounds them, including Bernardo’s psychologist, Dr. Kristensen, who becomes  haunted by the things Bernardo has told him;  Michela’s twisted boyfriend, Voss; and Michela’s curmudgeonly father, who is dying of cancer.

The novel revolves around its characters reconciling themselves with who they have become.  Some are trying to re-establish their sense of human worth.  Bernardo imagines the following conversation early in the novel as he struggles to find reasons to leave his apartment:

One question, Dr. Kristensen: How much of a survivor, in fact, survives? How much must remain of a survivor for him also to be called a man? Some of us who are still present and accounted for perhaps are desaparecido nonetheless, invisible pieces missing from the whole… Perhaps there is nothing left there, doctor. Perhaps it is all gone.  Perhaps all that is left is the screaming.  Empty screaming to fill empty ears.

Others, like Voss and Dr. Kristensen, are slowly devolving as confusion and paranoia begin to warp their thinking. Voss becomes obsessed with Michela and his own perversions.  Dr. Kristensen, who was obsessed with Bernardo’s case, begins to have waking nightmares from the things he has heard.

As both titles,  In The Company of Angels and Greene’s Summer, suggest, this is ultimately a novel of hope and resilience.  I don’t want to give any spoilers, but even Voss and Dr. Kristensen have glimmers of hope in their darkened states. It is a refreshing literary read.

Kennedy’s descriptions of Copenhagen and the summer season are excellent. David Applefield writes, “Kennedy does for Copenhagen what Joyce did for Dublin.”  This book will make you want to read the accompanying three.  You can read more about the Copenhagen Quartet and Thomas E. Kennedy at his website.

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